Section 1.23
Cylinder Liner

The cylinder liner is of the replaceable wet type, made of alloy cast iron, and is slip fit in the cylinder block. See Figure "Cylinder Liner and Related Parts" .‪

Figure 1. Cylinder Liner and Related Parts

Coolant in the cylinder block water jacket surrounds the liner and cools it directly. A cooling channel is also cut into the liner immediately below the flange. Coolant flow through this channel and around the rest of the liner controls critical ring and liner temperatures for long cylinder component life.‪

The liner is inserted in the cylinder bore from the top of the cylinder block. The flange at the top of the liner fits into a counter bore in the cylinder block. See Figure "Cylinder Liner to Block Positioning" . ‪

Figure 2. Cylinder Liner to Block Positioning

Note: The cylinder liner, piston and connecting rod must be installed as a assembly in 14L engines and 12.7L EGR On-Highway engines. Refer to "1.21 Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly" .

A crevice seal, fitting in the wide uppermost groove in the liner helps to stabilize the liner in the cylinder block bore. This system also keeps any debris that is in the cooling system from causing abrasion damage to the upper "D" liner seal ring. See Figure "Cylinder Liner Crevice Seal Cross-Section" .‪

Figure 3. Cylinder Liner Crevice Seal Cross-Section

Two teflon-coated, D-shaped seal rings, recessed in the lower two grooves in the cylinder liner, are used between the liner and the block to prevent coolant and oil leakage. See Figure "Cylinder Liner Seal Ring Cross-section" .‪

Figure 4. Cylinder Liner Seal Ring Cross-section

A weep hole for each cylinder is drilled through the cylinder block exterior, into the cylinder bore area. This weep hole is located between the two D-shaped seal rings. It is used to determine if engine coolant is leaking past the upper liner seal, or if oil is leaking past the lower liner seal. See Figure "Weep Hole Plug Locations" . A special rubber plug prevents dirt from getting into the "D" seal ring areas and causing abrasive damage. At the same time it allows leaking oil or coolant a path out of the engine for detection.‪

Figure 5. Weep Hole Plug Locations

Section 1.23.1
Repair or Replacement of Cylinder Liner

To determine if repair is possible or replacement is necessary, perform the following procedure. See Figure "Flowchart for Repair or Replacement of Cylinder Liner" .‪

Figure 6. Flowchart for Repair or Replacement of Cylinder Liner

Section 1.23.2
Removal and Cleaning of Cylinder Liner

Precleaning is not necessary. ‪

1. Remove the piston and connecting rod as an assembly. Refer to "1.21.2 Removal and Cleaning of Piston and Connecting Rod" .
2. Remove the cylinder liner with cylinder liner remover (J–45876). See Figure "Cylinder Liner Removal Tool (J–45876)" .
   

   Figure 7. Cylinder Liner Removal Tool (J–45876)

   1. Ease the liner removal tool down into the liner.
   2. Turn the nut on tool (J–45876). in a clockwise direction to remove liner from the block.

   Note: After removing liners from an engine and prior to installing liners, always store them in an upright position until ready for use. Liners left on their side for any length of time can become egg-shaped and distorted, making installation in cylinder bores difficult or impossible. If the cylinder liners are to be reused, they should be marked for cylinder location and engine orientation, a paint mark can be used to indicate the front of engine so they may be installed to the same cylinder from which they were removed.

   3. Remove the tool from the liner.
   4. Remove the seals (all three) from the liner and discard them.

Section 1.23.2.1
Cleaning of the Cylinder Liner

Clean the cylinder liner prior to inspection as follows:‪

1. If cleaning a new or used liner, wash the liner with a strong detergent and warm water solution, scrubbing with a non-metallic bristle brush.
2. Rinse with hot water or steam.

   EYE INJURY ‪
   To avoid injury from flying debris when using compressed air, wear adequate eye protection (face shield or safety goggles) and do not exceed 276 kPa (40 psi) air pressure.‪

3. Dry the liner with compressed air.

   NOTICE:
   If the liners are not to be installed at this time, oil them lightly with clean engine lubricating oil and store them upright in a clean, dry area. Do not allow the liners to rest on their sides and do not store anything on top of the liners.‪

4. Coat the bore of the liner with clean engine lubricating oil.
5. Allow the liner to sit for 10 minutes (to allow the oil to work into the surface finish).
6. Wipe the inside of the liner with clean, white paper towels.
7. If a dark residue appears on the towels, repeat the oiling and wiping procedure until residue no longer appears.

Section 1.23.2.2
Inspection of Cylinder Liner

Inspect the cylinder liner as follows:‪

1. Inspect the cylinder liner.
   1. Check the cylinder liner for cracks or scoring.
   2. If any of these are detected, replace with a new part.

   NOTICE:
   Erosion is due to poor cooling system maintenance. If uncorrected, it will eventually make holes through the liner. This can result in combustion gases blowing water out of the radiator, oil in the coolant, or when the engine is stopped will allow water to flow into the cylinder and result in major engine damage due to water in the oil or hydraulic lockup.‪

   3. Check the cylinder liner for cavitation erosion. See Figure "Cylinder Liner Cavitation Erosion" .
   

   1. Cracks‪	3. Erosion‪
   2. Cylinder Liner‪	‪

   Figure 8. Cylinder Liner Cavitation Erosion

   4. If cavitation erosion occurs, replace with a new part. Refer to "1.23.3 Installation of Cylinder Liner" .

   NOTICE:
   Series 60 cylinder liners are honed at the factory with a process that cannot be duplicated in the field. For this reason, honing of used liners should not be attempted.‪

2. Inspect the outside diameter of the liner.
   1. Check liner for fretting.
   2. If any fretting is found, remove it from the surface of the liner with a coarse, flat stone.
3. Inspect the liner flange.
   1. Check the liner flange for cracks, smoothness and flatness on both the top and bottom surfaces.
   2. If these are detected, replace with a new part.
4. Inspect the block bore and cylinder liner.
   1. Measure the block bore and the outside diameter of the liner. The liner specifications are listed in Table "Cylinder Liner" . The block specifications are listed in Table "Cylinder Block" . Refer to "1.1.3.3 Inspection of the Cylinder Block" for procedures.
   2. If the liner does not meet specification, replace with a new part.
5. Inspect inside diameter of cylinder liners.
   1. Set the cylinder bore gage on zero in master setting fixture. Use cylinder bore gage (J–5347–B) to measure the inside diameter of the liner of various points. The maximum diameter of a used liner is 130.100 mm (5.122 in.) for 12.7 and 11.1 L and 133.100 mm (5.240 in.) for 14L at any measurement location. See Figure "Cylinder Liner Measurement Diagram" . Also check the liner for taper and out-of-round.
   

   Figure 9. Cylinder Liner Measurement Diagram

   2. If the taper and out-of-round exceed 0.025 mm (0.001 in.), replace with a new part.
6. Inspect the cylinder liner.
   1. Check the seal ring and crevice seal grooves for burrs or sharp edges.
   2. If any are detected, smooth with an emery cloth.

Section 1.23.3
Installation of Cylinder Liner

Install the cylinder liner as follows:‪

Note: Refer to "1.21 Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly" for 14L and 12.7L EGR On-Highway liner, piston and connecting rod procedure.

1. Wipe the inside and outside of the liner clean. Be sure the block bore and counter bore are clean, so the liner flange will seat properly. The block counter bore depth must be 8.9255-8.9662 mm (0.3514 -0.3530 in.) and must not vary more than 0.04 mm (0.0016 in.) in depth around the circumference. No two adjacent block counter bores may range in depth more than 0.025 mm (0.001 in.) when gaged along the longitudinal cylinder block centerline. Specifications are listed in Table "Cylinder Block" , and listed in Table "Cylinder Liner" .

   Note: Thoroughly clean the cylinder block liner counter bores to remove any foreign material. Foreign material in the cylinder liner counter bores can cause the liner to seat improperly.

2. Lubricate the seal rings and crevice seal with clean petroleum jelly.
3. Install two new seal rings and a new crevice seal into their respective grooves in the liner.
4. Insert the cylinder liner into the cylinder bore.

   Note: Do not exert excessive force on the liner, while pushing it down.

5. Install J–35597–A , over the liner to be installed. See Figure "Cylinder Liner Installation Tools" .

   Note: It is necessary to leave the cylinder liner installation tool in place until after the liner protrusion is measured.

   

   Figure 10. Cylinder Liner Installation Tools

6. Thread three cylinder head bolts through the tool and into a head bolt hole, so that the round shoe of the tool is centered over the liner.
7. Tighten the bolts.

   Note: It is not necessary to torque the bolts.

8. Turn the threaded center bolt in a clockwise direction. As the round shoe of the tool reaches the liner, ensure that the shoe is properly positioned into the cylinder liner.
9. Continue turning the bolt until the liner bottoms in the cylinder counterbore. Apply a tightening torque of 60 N·m (44 lb·ft) to the installation tool center bolt.
10. Install a dial indicator sled gage. See Figure "Cylinder Liner Protrusion" .
11. Measure the distance from the top of the liner flange to the top of the block. See Figure "Cylinder Liner Protrusion"
    1. Allowable liner protrusion is -0.0127-0.0762 mm (-0.0005-0.003 in.) with no more than 0.0508 mm (0.002 in.) variation between any two adjacent cylinders. Specifications are listed in Table "Cylinder Liner" .
    2. If the liner protrusion exceeds the maximum allowable, remove the liner and check for debris under the liner flange.
    

    Figure 11. Cylinder Liner Protrusion

12. Remove the cylinder liner tool.
13. With all of the cylinder liners installed and the liner protrusion measurements within specifications, install the piston and connecting rod assemblies. Refer to "1.21.5 Installation of Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly" .